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Awash River Basin is one of the twelve basins of Ethiopia which is highly utilized and the first basin to be introduced to modern agriculture. A study was conducted on water allocation modeling of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia, using MODSIM, a river basin management decision support system (DSS) designed as a computer-aided tool for developing improved basin wide planning. This study was conducted to...
Sodic soils are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions of the world and suffer from high values of pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and low fertility. But little is known about the effect of long term land rehabilitation on soil physicochemical and microbial properties of sodic soils. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate...
The spatio-temporal variation underlies and complicates studies related to earth surface processes. Subsequent to our previous studies reporting the temporal invariability of sediment concentration, this study further reports the spatial invariability of sediment concentration or the flow–sediment relationship in the hilly part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The dense channel network dissects this...
Suspended sediment dynamics are still imperfectly understood, especially in the upper Yellow River where few studies on this issue have been conducted. This study analyzed the variability in suspended sediment concentration at different temporal scales (within-flood, monthly-seasonal and annual). Using a dataset up to 49years long (1954–2002) at Toudaoguai station, this paper provided insight into...
Runoff and soil loss from bare slopes resulting from road construction are serious. Geotextiles are a possible temporary alternative before vegetation establishes itself, and offer immediate soil protections on slopes. In order to examine the effects of three kinds of geotextiles (shade net, non-woven fabrics and straw mats) on road slopes in decreasing runoff and soil loss, a self-made rainfall simulator...
Determining the effects of the critical structure of forests on soil and water conservation aids in understanding forest functions and scientific decision-making in management practices. Quadratic polynomial regression models were established for five pure tree (Pinus massoniana Lamb) plots between vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) and soil/water conservation effects (SCE/WCE) for 144 erosive rainfall...
A huge amount of soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) is stored in soils and those stored carbon (C) plays an important role in affecting the global climate change. Knowledge on the spatial distribution of and land management effects on soil C in the Eurasian steppes is essential for understanding its impact on the global climate change. We investigated both the distribution of SOC and...
This work deals with an integrated geomorphological and chemical-physical study of ''calanchi'' landforms in site (Caulonia) of SE Calabria (southern Italy), developed on of Late Pliocene-Quaternary clay deposits. The aim of this paper is to investigate how topography and rainfall quantity may affect runoff and slope processes in ''Calanchi'' landforms by influencing the physical, chemical and mineralogical...
In this study we recognize complex physical biotic–abiotic interactions on a steep forested slope in the moderately elevated mountain terrain of the Sudetes, Central Europe, using geomorphological, pedological, and dendrochronological methods. On the forested hillslopes of Mt Rogowa Kopa the evidence of disturbance in natural systems is widespread. In the geomorphic subsystem its most obvious manifestation...
The collapse of overhanging layers of the heads and sidewalls of gullies accelerates gully development. Thus, the development features of the collapse of overhanging layers must be understood. In this study, the process of collapse of overhanging layers in man-made soil bodies containing different soil layers was investigated by flow scouring experiments. A soil body composed of a lower sandy layer...
Spanish rangelands occupy more than 90,000km 2 of land grazed by millions of domestic and wild animals. Organic matter content of soil is an essential component for fertility and productivity in both, natural and human-induced ecosystems. Despite its importance to soil quality, soil organic carbon has been little studied in these rangelands. The main goal of this study is to assess the amounts...
An obvious timescale gap exists between a single storm event and long term landscape development. In this study the event- and physically based OpenLISEM soil erosion model was compared to the landscape evolution model LAPSUS, deliberately extending and shortening the timescales for which each model was developed. Calibration of OpenLISEM using average erosion rates derived from long-term simulations...
Cyanobacterial soil crusts play an important role in arid ecosystems and in stabilising dryland soils. Such arid regions are prone to extreme environmental conditions such as prolonged drought and short-lived intense rainfall and flood events, yet the impact of such events on cyanobacterial growth, and hence their role in landscape stability, is poorly-understood. This paper presents a series of laboratory...
Diffuse reflectance visible and near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIR) was used to analyze the tracemetal content (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) of suspended solids collected from the Changjiang River during different seasons and to compare concentrations between the main river channel and its tributaries. First derivative (FD) transformation highlighted peaks in the reflectance spectra, including...
Interactions between desert vegetation and erosive forces are prominent and are part of landscape evolution in deserts. The role of annual herbaceous plants in these processes is usually overlooked. Likewise, the interactions and relative contributions of the different erosive forces are rarely studied.We examined the effects of mound-forming shrubs and annual plants on sediment dispersal at small...
The effect of inorganic ions and temperature on lead (Pb 2+ ) adsorption was evaluated on three acidic soils: yellow-brown soil (YBS), latosol soil (LS), and lateritic red soil (LRS). The results showed that the adsorption of Pb 2+ in the presence of anions decreased in the order: SO 42− >NO 3− =Cl − , while in the presence of cations, it reduced...
Soil erosion by water is a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agriculture in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In temperate regions, meanwhile, the ‘off-site’ transport of sediment and pollutants into nearby water courses and the ‘muddy flooding’ of properties and infrastructure pose a much greater threat. These adverse impacts may become...
Including runoff in USLE-type empirical models is expected to improve plot soil loss prediction at the event temporal scale and literature yields encouraging signs of the possibility to simply estimate runoff at these spatial and temporal scales. The objective of this paper was to develop an estimating procedure of event soil loss from bare plots (length=11–44m, slope steepness=14.9–16.0%) at two...
Dynamics of soil sealing and soil landscape patterns under rapid urbanization were qualified in the Urban Agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay (UAHB), China. Rapid population growth, economic development, and settlement sprawl were identified from 1994 to 2009. Such accelerating urbanization resulted in considerable soil sealing. For the entire region, percentage of sealed soils increased from 2.7% in...
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